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| Britt J. Rosen, CCIM |
With the increases in
the price of South Florida real estate, the price per square foot, and
"market value" is often determined by the square footage of the improvement.
The definition of
"square footage" is the subject of much debate in real
estate, building construction and appraisal professions in
South Florida.
In the late 70's square
footage was not used in the MLS and it was left out entirely. Over time,
the reporting of square footage is now common in Realtors' listings.
It requires the understanding of the facts. Also, the MLS rules are
changing, and in early 2018 the new RESO requirements will streamline MLS systems. including square footage fields across MLS systems in the United States.
This article is to help understanding, identify
and explain the square footage nomenclature use by various organizations and data reporting systems.
There
are a variety of square footage reporting systems and definitions.
They include, but, are not limited to the
following: The Property Appraiser's information (PA), IRIS, Realist,
Imapp, Realquest, Excelligent, Costar, surveys (PLS), architectural plans (CAD), and other
data.
The Miami Association of Realtors maintains a regional Multiple Listing System
(MLS) made of up a board of directors who manage the listing system, known as the SEFMLS (Southeast Florida
MLS). Realtor.com, Zillow, Rredfin, Trulia and similar sites publish square footage data often taken from the MLS.
Before commenting on the
new MLS fields, it is important to review the history of the MLS and the Property Appraiser's site. In
late 2014, the Miami-Dade Tax Assessor came out with a revamped website. It has
three major categories for square footage for improved properties. They
are as follows:
- Actual Area (gross area "under roof")
- Living Area (air-conditioned area measured to the exterior wall, excluding
the garage and overhangs)
- Adjusted Area (an area factoring in the two areas mentioned above)
In South Florida's" Regional MLS" the county's Property Appraisers (PA) methodology has been used widely in Realtors' listings and Realtors rely on the PA's square footage to populate listings. The square footage information is populated automatically with "mapping" of the square footage fields. Problems often occur with this mapping. If the PA does not publish all of the square footage areas noted above, incorrect square footage information can be entered into the listing fields. A recent study of high-value homes indicate many of the listings do not match the PA's records and often one will find the adjusted area in the air-conditioned area field.
The nomenclature
for actual area is the "Gross Area" of all square footage that is
air-conditioned, the garage and any overhand over 4' in width. "Living Area" is synonymous with the air-conditioned area measured to the outside of the block wall, or
exterior walls (excluding the garage, carports and/or overhangs). "Adjusted Area" is a hybrid of the two, with factors (noted below) taken into account for the garage, overhang areas and second floor (if any).
The "Adjusted Area" for a simple architectural home design, is the addition of the following areas:
100% of the AC area
50% of garages and carports, and
33.33% of overhangs over 4' in width.
However, if an overhang or rear patio, for instance, is part of a more complex architectural design of the home, and/or improved significantly, the percentage factor can increase from 33% to 50%. Also, if garages are improved on the interior, they can also increase from a factor of 50% to 75%.
100% of the AC area
50% of garages and carports, and
33.33% of overhangs over 4' in width.
However, if an overhang or rear patio, for instance, is part of a more complex architectural design of the home, and/or improved significantly, the percentage factor can increase from 33% to 50%. Also, if garages are improved on the interior, they can also increase from a factor of 50% to 75%.
The second story of
two-story homes is taken at 80% of the area in the "adjusted"
area. Thus, if the 2nd story of a home is large, the adjusted area can be less then the air-conditioned
area. Adjusted areas should not be mixed or used with air-conditioned
areas, and this is a common error found in real estate listings and appraisals.
It is the Property Appraiser's field agent's judgement call in assessing the property for "just
value" in order to assess and collect property taxes. Years ago, "field inspectors" for the PA visited and measured properties. Although this occasionally occurs, architectural plans from the submittals for permitting of structures and aerial photography / pictometry are now relied on.
ANSI Standards &
FannieMae (who's purpose is to underwrite mortgages for the secondary lending
market) have standards for square footage measurement. The ANSI standard and
the Miami-Dade PA subtract "vertical penetrations" of the building, such as stairways, open atrium areas, elevator
shafts and any other openings from the floor "plate" when calculating
the total square footage. Some Realtor use sketches that show the interior room dimensions only. This approach can lead to incomplete reporting of the total area.
Condominiums - The standard in condominiums is taking the
measurement from the "paint-to-paint" inside the unit. The county relies on
the official condominium documents to obtain the square footage.
With condominiums, an engineer typically certifies the condo documents
and square footage of the individual units (according to Florida law). This determines the "undivided interest" on a pro-rata share of the total square footage of the condominium. With new construction developers will often not disclose the methodology in their marketing brochures.
With some newer condominiums the documents may also contain a "net
/ net" interior measurement, or smaller area taking out other "common
elements" such as columns and beams. Many new high-rise buildings contain an exterior glass skin
(curtain wall) that required structural columns and beams to be moved into the interior of
units. It is typical to see these them in bedrooms and living rooms. These vertical columns and "shear walls" strengthen the building and are typically common elements. Condominium documents we have reviewed sometimes subtract these columns and beams from the interior to provide a
"net/net" square footage.
The new MLS being rolled
out in 2018, has five (5) new MLS / Matrix square footage fields. These definitions will be covered in future
articles on square footage, and other topics on South Florida real estate, appraisal and construction.
The new MLS square footage
areas include the following:
- Appraisal (meaning a state
certified real estate appraiser)
- Architect
- Building Plan
- Developer
- Owner
